How to install and connect a water heater with your own hands

In the market for electric water heaters, storage models (boilers) are out of competition, so we'll talk about them. Storage water heaters are electrical appliances that are designed to automatically heat water for household needs to a temperature of 55-75 degrees. In a word, such a device is called a boiler, and it consists, in principle, of 2 elements - an electric heating element and a water tank. But the fastening (mounting) of different models is significantly different.

 

Why are storage water heaters better than flowing ones?

The most important advantage of boilers over flow-through heaters is simple installation, they can be hung on the wall in the immediate vicinity of the hot water intake points. And since there is always a supply of hot water in the boiler (depending on the volume of the tank), hot water is always at hand and you do not need to wait long until it enters the tap, as is the case with an instantaneous heater. The fact is that flow-through heaters require much more stringent conditions for connection and requirements for the location, and their installation should be trusted only by specialists.

It is not always possible to hang them where you want - but you always want to be closer to the tap, so that you do not have to drain cold water from the tap for a long time while hot water runs. But this is both additional waiting time, which is annoying, and wasteful consumption of resources - drinking water and electricity. In addition, the storage water heater does not react at all to drops or lack of pressure in the water supply system, which is very important for the normal operation of the instantaneous water heater. That is why unpretentious storage water heaters traditionally remain the sales leaders, especially since their installation can be carried out independently.

 

The main disadvantages of storage water heaters.

No matter what type of energy the boiler works on, it will always have three drawbacks:

• The necessary margin of time for heating the water at full consumption of hot water from the tank. Depending on the volume of the tank, it may take an hour or more, the minimum time is 20 minutes. That is, two people will not be able to take a shower one after the other, they will have to pause.
• An impressive size of the tank, which definitely requires space.
• If the heating is turned off, the water in the tank quickly begins to deteriorate, and before using it, it must be replaced, or the tank must not be turned off, then when heated, all bacteria are killed by the high temperature.

 

How to choose a storage water heater?

Three main selection criteria:

1. The family's need for hot water is calculated from the norm of 40 liters per day per person. Bathroom lovers should know that it requires 120 liters of hot water one time.
2. The power consumption and compliance with this power of the home power grid,
3. There is enough free space to accommodate a specific tank size. It should be remembered that the outside of the boiler is always larger than the inside - after all, the obligatory insulation of the walls gives volume.

Additional selection criteria:

• Is there a circuit breaker in the boiler.
• Is there overheating protection.
• The water tank should be made of stainless steel (food or medical), the inner surface of bioglass porcelain prevents water damage.
• Whether the copper heating element has a nickel-plated corrosion protection.
• The material for thermal insulation must be environmentally friendly.
• Is there a half power function to save electricity.
• Availability within reach of service centers and warranty from the manufacturer.

See also - How to connect the boiler to the mains correctly?

So, the storage water heater is selected, purchased and brought home. How is the correct connection of the storage water heater already in place? Of course, it is better to entrust this business to a specialist plumber, but in principle, there is nothing complicated in this and everything can be done independently.

Before connecting the electric heater to the water supply system and the electrical network, you need to carefully study its instructions and understand its structure. There are four main elements in an electric water heater - a water tank, an anode as a heating electric element, a safety unit that prevents mixing of already heated water and incoming cold water. At the bottom of the boiler there is a safety valve for draining water in case of overpressure (overheating).

The first step is to check the strength of the walls, whether they are capable of withstanding the entire mass of a tank filled with water, and from this choose fasteners. If the walls are weak, it is better to initially choose floor-standing water heaters, although they work slower than vertical hinged ones. Next, you should see where the water supply is located in the tank and how to rationally ensure the connection, at what height to place the tank.

If you have a non-central water supply and cold water is taken from a well or well, you need to put a separate filter before entering the tank. It is not included in the package and must be purchased separately. Before attaching the water heater, you need to take care of where the water will drain from it; you may have to install a tray with a drain pipe to drain into the sewer.

Algorithm for connecting an electric water heater

1. We fix the boiler to the wall. Heaters over 50 liters can only be hung on strong load-bearing walls. The mount (sold separately) is screwed to the wall with heavy duty anchor bolts. The tank itself is hung on hooks, for vertical models for 30-100 liters, 2 hooks are enough (180 mm apart), for horizontal ones for 50-200 liters - 4 hooks are required.
2. A safety valve must be put on the branch pipe, which is responsible for draining excess water, while ensuring absolute tightness using fum tape or other means. You need to twist the valve carefully, without pinching it, so as not to break it. This is a mandatory element, because the operation of the water heater without a safety valve is strictly prohibited.
3. If necessary, attach a water filter.
4. You can only connect to the water supply using flexible pipes, usually metal-plastic or copper pipes.
5. After connecting the inlet tube, the outlet is also mounted, going to the hot water tap.
6. The tap opens, the tank is filled with water, while in the mixer you need to open the hot water tap until water flows from it (the tank is full). If there is no water supply, then the water heater must be connected to a storage tank, which should be located at a height of 5 meters or more.
7. When the inlet and outlet pipes of the water supply are connected and their tightness has been checked, it is time to connect the electrical wires with exact observance of the phasing.
8. The next step is to connect the ground wire, without which the operation of the boiler is also prohibited.
9. Do-it-yourself installation of the water heater ends by closing the protective cover, now you can turn on the heater to the electrical network.

 

Features of connecting an instantaneous electric water heater

As mentioned above, water heaters of this type are very demanding on the pressure in the water supply system (it should be even and at a sufficient level, as in city central water supply systems). They also need special wiring. Most likely, you will need to connect the third phase. To understand all these nuances, you need to have the appropriate education, because connecting an instantaneous water heater is a task only for professionals.

And most importantly, it should be remembered that the instantaneous electric heater, due to the high speed of water movement, is simply not able to heat the water by more than 20 degrees. Thus, if ice water from a well or borehole is supplied to it, it will not be able to heat it even to a warm state, let alone a hot one.

 

Tips for the correct operation of an electric water heater

Remember that the water from the boiler is, in principle, not suitable for use in food. If you are the lucky owner of a two-phase meter, then to save electricity, you can turn on the heating only at night. Manufacturers recommend changing the heating element annually, although this can be done less frequently.

During operation, it is advisable to set the power regulator to 80%, not more. If you leave home for several days, the tank should be emptied of water and disconnected from the mains. This is especially important if the tank is located in an unheated room in winter. If the water freezes, an expensive electric water heater will hopelessly fail.

See also:

• 10 best instantaneous water heaters
• 11 best water heaters for home according to user reviews
• 12 best Electrolux water heaters of 2019
• 15 best electric storage water heaters
• 19 best indirect heating boilers according to customer reviews